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embedded-framework/external/libhv/libhv-1.3.2/README-CN.md
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English | 中文

libhv

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gitee awesome-c awesome-cpp

libhv是一个类似于libevent、libev、libuv的跨平台网络库，提供了更易用的接口和更丰富的协议。

📚 中文资料

✨ 特性

  • 跨平台（Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, BSD, Solaris）
  • 高性能事件循环（网络IO事件、定时器事件、空闲事件、自定义事件）
  • TCP/UDP服务端/客户端/代理
  • TCP支持心跳、重连、转发、多线程安全write和close等特性
  • 内置常见的拆包模式（固定包长、分界符、头部长度字段）
  • 可靠UDP支持: WITH_KCP
  • SSL/TLS加密通信（可选WITH_OPENSSL、WITH_GNUTLS、WITH_MBEDTLS）
  • HTTP服务端/客户端（支持https http1/x http2 grpc）
  • HTTP支持静态文件服务、目录服务、正向/反向代理服务、同步/异步API处理器
  • HTTP支持RESTful风格、路由、中间件、keep-alive长连接、chunked分块、SSE等特性
  • WebSocket服务端/客户端
  • MQTT客户端

⌛️ 构建

见BUILD.md

libhv提供了以下构建方式:

1、通过Makefile:

./configure
make
sudo make install

2、通过cmake:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build .

3、通过vcpkg:

vcpkg install libhv

4、通过xmake:

xrepo install libhv

⚡️ 快速入门

体验

运行脚本./getting_started.sh:

# 下载编译
git clone https://github.com/ithewei/libhv.git
cd libhv
./configure
make

# 运行httpd服务
bin/httpd -h
bin/httpd -d
#bin/httpd -c etc/httpd.conf -s restart -d
ps aux | grep httpd

# 文件服务
bin/curl -v localhost:8080

# 目录服务
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/downloads/

# API服务
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/ping
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/echo -d "hello,world!"
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/query?page_no=1\&page_size=10
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/kv   -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d 'user=admin&pswd=123456'
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/json -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"user":"admin","pswd":"123456"}'
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/form -F 'user=admin' -F 'pswd=123456'
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/upload -d "@LICENSE"
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/upload -F "file=@LICENSE"

bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d 'bool=1&int=123&float=3.14&string=hello'
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"bool":true,"int":123,"float":3.14,"string":"hello"}'
bin/curl -v localhost:8080/test -F 'bool=1' -F 'int=123' -F 'float=3.14' -F 'string=hello'
# RESTful API: /group/:group_name/user/:user_id
bin/curl -v -X DELETE localhost:8080/group/test/user/123

# 压力测试
bin/wrk -c 1000 -d 10 -t 4 http://127.0.0.1:8080/

TCP

TCP服务端

c版本: examples/tcp_echo_server.c

c++版本: evpp/TcpServer_test.cpp

#include "TcpServer.h"
using namespace hv;

int main() {
    int port = 1234;
    TcpServer srv;
    int listenfd = srv.createsocket(port);
    if (listenfd < 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    printf("server listen on port %d, listenfd=%d ...\n", port, listenfd);
    srv.onConnection = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel) {
        std::string peeraddr = channel->peeraddr();
        if (channel->isConnected()) {
            printf("%s connected! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
        } else {
            printf("%s disconnected! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
        }
    };
    srv.onMessage = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel, Buffer* buf) {
        // echo
        channel->write(buf);
    };
    srv.setThreadNum(4);
    srv.start();

    // press Enter to stop
    while (getchar() != '\n');
    return 0;
}

注意:

以上示例只是简单的echo服务，TCP是流式协议，实际应用中请务必添加边界进行拆包。
文本协议建议加上\0或者\r\n分隔符，可参考 examples/jsonrpc;
二进制协议建议加上自定义协议头，通过头部长度字段表明负载长度，可参考 examples/protorpc;
通过setUnpack（c接口即hio_set_unpack）设置拆包规则，支持固定包长、分隔符、头部长度字段三种常见的拆包方式，
内部根据拆包规则处理粘包与分包，保证onMessage回调上来的是完整的一包数据，大大节省了上层处理粘包与分包的成本。
不想自定义协议和拆包组包的可直接使用现成的HTTP/WebSocket协议。

channel->write（c接口即hio_write）是非阻塞的（事件循环异步编程里所有的一切都要求是非阻塞的），且多线程安全的。
发送大数据时应该做流控，通过onWriteComplete监听写完成事件，在可写时再发送下一帧数据。
具体示例代码可参考 examples/tinyhttpd.c 中的 http_serve_file。

channel->close（c接口即hio_close) 也是多线程安全的，这可以让网络IO事件循环线程里接收数据、拆包组包、反序列化后放入队列，
消费者线程/线程池从队列里取出数据、处理后发送响应和关闭连接，变得更加简单。

TCP客户端

c版本: examples/tcp_client_test.c

c++版本: evpp/TcpClient_test.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "TcpClient.h"
using namespace hv;

int main() {
    int port = 1234;
    TcpClient cli;
    int connfd = cli.createsocket(port);
    if (connfd < 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    cli.onConnection = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel) {
        std::string peeraddr = channel->peeraddr();
        if (channel->isConnected()) {
            printf("connected to %s! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
        } else {
            printf("disconnected to %s! connfd=%d\n", peeraddr.c_str(), channel->fd());
        }
    };
    cli.onMessage = [](const SocketChannelPtr& channel, Buffer* buf) {
        printf("< %.*s\n", (int)buf->size(), (char*)buf->data());
    };
    cli.start();

    std::string str;
    while (std::getline(std::cin, str)) {
        if (str == "close") {
            cli.closesocket();
        } else if (str == "start") {
            cli.start();
        } else if (str == "stop") {
            cli.stop();
            break;
        } else {
            if (!cli.isConnected()) break;
            cli.send(str);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

HTTP

HTTP服务端

见examples/http_server_test.cpp

golang gin 风格

#include "HttpServer.h"
using namespace hv;

int main() {
    HttpService router;
    router.GET("/ping", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
        return resp->String("pong");
    });

    router.GET("/data", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
        static char data[] = "0123456789";
        return resp->Data(data, 10);
    });

    router.GET("/paths", [&router](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
        return resp->Json(router.Paths());
    });

    router.GET("/get", [](HttpRequest* req, HttpResponse* resp) {
        resp->json["origin"] = req->client_addr.ip;
        resp->json["url"] = req->url;
        resp->json["args"] = req->query_params;
        resp->json["headers"] = req->headers;
        return 200;
    });

    router.POST("/echo", [](const HttpContextPtr& ctx) {
        return ctx->send(ctx->body(), ctx->type());
    });

    HttpServer server(&router);
    server.setPort(8080);
    server.setThreadNum(4);
    server.run();
    return 0;
}

注意:

上面示例直接运行在main主线程，server.run()会阻塞当前线程运行，所以router和server对象不会被析构，
如使用server.start()内部会另起线程运行，不会阻塞当前线程，但需要注意router和server的生命周期，
不要定义为局部变量被析构了，可定义为类成员变量或者全局变量，下面的WebSocket服务同理。

HTTP客户端

见examples/http_client_test.cpp

python requests 风格

#include "requests.h"

int main() {
    auto resp = requests::get("http://www.example.com");
    if (resp == NULL) {
        printf("request failed!\n");
    } else {
        printf("%s\n", resp->body.c_str());
    }

    resp = requests::post("127.0.0.1:8080/echo", "hello,world!");
    if (resp == NULL) {
        printf("request failed!\n");
    } else {
        printf("%s\n", resp->body.c_str());
    }

    return 0;
}

附HTTP相关接口文档:

WebSocket

WebSocket服务端

见examples/websocket_server_test.cpp

#include "WebSocketServer.h"
using namespace hv;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    WebSocketService ws;
    ws.onopen = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel, const HttpRequestPtr& req) {
        printf("onopen: GET %s\n", req->Path().c_str());
    };
    ws.onmessage = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel, const std::string& msg) {
        printf("onmessage: %.*s\n", (int)msg.size(), msg.data());
    };
    ws.onclose = [](const WebSocketChannelPtr& channel) {
        printf("onclose\n");
    };

    WebSocketServer server(&ws);
    server.setPort(9999);
    server.setThreadNum(4);
    server.run();
    return 0;
}

WebSocket客户端

见examples/websocket_client_test.cpp

#include "WebSocketClient.h"
using namespace hv;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    WebSocketClient ws;
    ws.onopen = []() {
        printf("onopen\n");
    };
    ws.onmessage = [](const std::string& msg) {
        printf("onmessage: %.*s\n", (int)msg.size(), msg.data());
    };
    ws.onclose = []() {
        printf("onclose\n");
    };

    // reconnect: 1,2,4,8,10,10,10...
    reconn_setting_t reconn;
    reconn_setting_init(&reconn);
    reconn.min_delay = 1000;
    reconn.max_delay = 10000;
    reconn.delay_policy = 2;
    ws.setReconnect(&reconn);

    ws.open("ws://127.0.0.1:9999/test");

    std::string str;
    while (std::getline(std::cin, str)) {
        if (!ws.isConnected()) break;
        if (str == "quit") {
            ws.close();
            break;
        }
        ws.send(str);
    }

    return 0;
}

🍭 更多示例

c版本

c++版本

模拟实现著名的命令行工具

🥇 性能测试

TCP回显服务pingpong测试

cd echo-servers
./build.sh
./benchmark.sh

吞吐量:

libevent running on port 2001
libev running on port 2002
libuv running on port 2003
libhv running on port 2004
asio running on port 2005
poco running on port 2006

==============2001=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2001] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=1616761 readbytes=1655563264
throughput = 157 MB/s

==============2002=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2002] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=2153171 readbytes=2204847104
throughput = 210 MB/s

==============2003=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2003] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=1599727 readbytes=1638120448
throughput = 156 MB/s

==============2004=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2004] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=2202271 readbytes=2255125504
throughput = 215 MB/s

==============2005=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2005] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=1354230 readbytes=1386731520
throughput = 132 MB/s

==============2006=====================================
[127.0.0.1:2006] 4 threads 1000 connections run 10s
total readcount=1699652 readbytes=1740443648
throughput = 165 MB/s

TCP代理服务压测

# sudo apt install iperf
iperf -s -p 5001 > /dev/null &
bin/tcp_proxy_server 1212 127.0.0.1:5001 &
iperf -c 127.0.0.1 -p 5001 -l 8K
iperf -c 127.0.0.1 -p 1212 -l 8K

带宽:

------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 127.0.0.1 port 52560 connected with 127.0.0.1 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec  20.8 GBytes  17.9 Gbits/sec

------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 127.0.0.1 port 48142 connected with 127.0.0.1 port 1212
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec  11.9 GBytes  10.2 Gbits/sec

HTTP压测

# sudo apt install wrk
wrk -c 100 -t 4 -d 10s http://127.0.0.1:8080/

# sudo apt install apache2-utils
ab -c 100 -n 100000 http://127.0.0.1:8080/

libhv(port:8080) vs nginx(port:80)

libhv-vs-nginx.png

以上测试结果可以在 Github Actions 中查看。

💎 用户案例

如果您在使用libhv，欢迎通过PR将信息提交至此列表，让更多的用户了解libhv的实际使用场景，以建立更好的网络生态。

用户 (公司名/项目名/个人联系方式) 案例 (项目简介/业务场景)
阅面科技 猎户AIoT平台设备管理、人脸检测HTTP服务、人脸搜索HTTP服务
socks5-libhv socks5代理
hvloop 类似uvloop的python异步IO事件循环
tsproxyd-android 一个基于libhv实现的android端web代理服务
玄舟智维 C100K设备连接网关服务