176 lines
7.7 KiB
Plaintext
176 lines
7.7 KiB
Plaintext
This is what POSIX 2003 says about ps:
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By default, ps shall select all processes with the same effective user
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ID as the current user and the same controlling terminal as the invoker
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ps [-aA][-defl][-G grouplist][-o format]...[-p proclist][-t termlist]
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[-U userlist][-g grouplist][-n namelist][-u userlist]
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-a Write information for all processes associated with terminals.
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Implementations may omit session leaders from this list.
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-A Write information for all processes.
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-d Write information for all processes, except session leaders.
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-e Write information for all processes. (Equivalent to -A.)
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-f Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the con-
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tents of a full listing.)
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-g grouplist
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Write information for processes whose session leaders are given
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in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grouplist is
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a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-separated
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list.
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-G grouplist
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Write information for processes whose real group ID numbers are
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given in grouplist. The application shall ensure that the grou-
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plist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-
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separated list.
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-l Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a long
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listing.)
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-n namelist
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Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place
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of the default. The name of the default file and the format of a
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namelist file are unspecified.
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-o format
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Write information according to the format specification given in
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format. Multiple -o options can be specified; the format speci-
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fication shall be interpreted as the <space>-separated concate-
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nation of all the format option-arguments.
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-p proclist
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Write information for processes whose process ID numbers are
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given in proclist. The application shall ensure that the pro-
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clist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-
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separated list.
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-t termlist
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Write information for processes associated with terminals given
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in termlist. The application shall ensure that the termlist is a
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single argument in the form of a <blank> or comma-separated
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list. Terminal identifiers shall be given in an implementation-
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defined format. On XSI-conformant systems, they shall be
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given in one of two forms: the device's filename (for example,
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tty04) or, if the device's filename starts with tty, just the
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identifier following the characters tty (for example, "04" ).
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-u userlist
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Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or login
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names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure that
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the userlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
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comma-separated list. In the listing, the numerical user ID
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shall be written unless the -f option is used, in which case the
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login name shall be written.
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-U userlist
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Write information for processes whose real user ID numbers or
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login names are given in userlist. The application shall ensure
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that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank>
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or comma-separated list.
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With the exception of -o format, all of the options shown are used to
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select processes. If any are specified, the default list shall be
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ignored and ps shall select the processes represented by the inclusive
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OR of all the selection-criteria options.
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The -o option allows the output format to be specified under user con-
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trol.
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The application shall ensure that the format specification is a list of
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names presented as a single argument, <blank> or comma-separated. Each
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variable has a default header. The default header can be overridden by
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appending an equals sign and the new text of the header. The rest of
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the characters in the argument shall be used as the header text. The
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fields specified shall be written in the order specified on the command
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line, and should be arranged in columns in the output. The field widths
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shall be selected by the system to be at least as wide as the header
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text (default or overridden value). If the header text is null, such as
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-o user=, the field width shall be at least as wide as the default
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header text. If all header text fields are null, no header line shall
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be written.
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ruser The real user ID of the process. This shall be the textual user
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ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a dec-
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imal representation otherwise.
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user The effective user ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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user ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a
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decimal representation otherwise.
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rgroup The real group ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or
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a decimal representation otherwise.
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group The effective group ID of the process. This shall be the textual
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group ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or
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a decimal representation otherwise.
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pid The decimal value of the process ID.
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ppid The decimal value of the parent process ID.
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pgid The decimal value of the process group ID.
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pcpu The ratio of CPU time used recently to CPU time available in the
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same period, expressed as a percentage. The meaning of
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"recently" in this context is unspecified. The CPU time avail-
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able is determined in an unspecified manner.
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vsz The size of the process in (virtual) memory in 1024 byte units
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as a decimal integer.
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nice The decimal value of the nice value of the process; see nice() .
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etime In the POSIX locale, the elapsed time since the process was
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started, in the form: [[dd-]hh:]mm:ss
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time In the POSIX locale, the cumulative CPU time of the process in
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the form: [dd-]hh:mm:ss
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tty The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in
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the same format used by the who utility.
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comm The name of the command being executed ( argv[0] value) as a
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string.
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args The command with all its arguments as a string. The implementa-
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tion may truncate this value to the field width; it is implemen-
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tation-defined whether any further truncation occurs. It is
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unspecified whether the string represented is a version of the
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argument list as it was passed to the command when it started,
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or is a version of the arguments as they may have been modified
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by the application. Applications cannot depend on being able to
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modify their argument list and having that modification be
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reflected in the output of ps.
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Any field need not be meaningful in all implementations. In such a case
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a hyphen ( '-' ) should be output in place of the field value.
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Only comm and args shall be allowed to contain <blank>s; all others
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shall not.
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The following table specifies the default header to be used in the
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POSIX locale corresponding to each format specifier.
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Format Specifier Default Header Format Specifier Default Header
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args COMMAND ppid PPID
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comm COMMAND rgroup RGROUP
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etime ELAPSED ruser RUSER
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group GROUP time TIME
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nice NI tty TT
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pcpu %CPU user USER
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pgid PGID vsz VSZ
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pid PID
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There is no special quoting mechanism for header text. The header text
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is the rest of the argument. If multiple header changes are needed,
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multiple -o options can be used, such as:
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ps -o "user=User Name" -o pid=Process\ ID
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