1330 lines
		
	
	
		
			48 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			ReStructuredText
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			1330 lines
		
	
	
		
			48 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			ReStructuredText
		
	
	
	
	
	
The Virtual Video Test Driver (vivid)
 | 
						|
=====================================
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This driver emulates video4linux hardware of various types: video capture, video
 | 
						|
output, vbi capture and output, radio receivers and transmitters and a software
 | 
						|
defined radio receiver. In addition a simple framebuffer device is available for
 | 
						|
testing capture and output overlays.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Up to 64 vivid instances can be created, each with up to 16 inputs and 16 outputs.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Each input can be a webcam, TV capture device, S-Video capture device or an HDMI
 | 
						|
capture device. Each output can be an S-Video output device or an HDMI output
 | 
						|
device.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These inputs and outputs act exactly as a real hardware device would behave. This
 | 
						|
allows you to use this driver as a test input for application development, since
 | 
						|
you can test the various features without requiring special hardware.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This document describes the features implemented by this driver:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Support for read()/write(), MMAP, USERPTR and DMABUF streaming I/O.
 | 
						|
- A large list of test patterns and variations thereof
 | 
						|
- Working brightness, contrast, saturation and hue controls
 | 
						|
- Support for the alpha color component
 | 
						|
- Full colorspace support, including limited/full RGB range
 | 
						|
- All possible control types are present
 | 
						|
- Support for various pixel aspect ratios and video aspect ratios
 | 
						|
- Error injection to test what happens if errors occur
 | 
						|
- Supports crop/compose/scale in any combination for both input and output
 | 
						|
- Can emulate up to 4K resolutions
 | 
						|
- All Field settings are supported for testing interlaced capturing
 | 
						|
- Supports all standard YUV and RGB formats, including two multiplanar YUV formats
 | 
						|
- Raw and Sliced VBI capture and output support
 | 
						|
- Radio receiver and transmitter support, including RDS support
 | 
						|
- Software defined radio (SDR) support
 | 
						|
- Capture and output overlay support
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These features will be described in more detail below.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Configuring the driver
 | 
						|
----------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
By default the driver will create a single instance that has a video capture
 | 
						|
device with webcam, TV, S-Video and HDMI inputs, a video output device with
 | 
						|
S-Video and HDMI outputs, one vbi capture device, one vbi output device, one
 | 
						|
radio receiver device, one radio transmitter device and one SDR device.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The number of instances, devices, video inputs and outputs and their types are
 | 
						|
all configurable using the following module options:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- n_devs:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	number of driver instances to create. By default set to 1. Up to 64
 | 
						|
	instances can be created.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- node_types:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	which devices should each driver instance create. An array of
 | 
						|
	hexadecimal values, one for each instance. The default is 0x1d3d.
 | 
						|
	Each value is a bitmask with the following meaning:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		- bit 0: Video Capture node
 | 
						|
		- bit 2-3: VBI Capture node: 0 = none, 1 = raw vbi, 2 = sliced vbi, 3 = both
 | 
						|
		- bit 4: Radio Receiver node
 | 
						|
		- bit 5: Software Defined Radio Receiver node
 | 
						|
		- bit 8: Video Output node
 | 
						|
		- bit 10-11: VBI Output node: 0 = none, 1 = raw vbi, 2 = sliced vbi, 3 = both
 | 
						|
		- bit 12: Radio Transmitter node
 | 
						|
		- bit 16: Framebuffer for testing overlays
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	So to create four instances, the first two with just one video capture
 | 
						|
	device, the second two with just one video output device you would pass
 | 
						|
	these module options to vivid:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		n_devs=4 node_types=0x1,0x1,0x100,0x100
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- num_inputs:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the number of inputs, one for each instance. By default 4 inputs
 | 
						|
	are created for each video capture device. At most 16 inputs can be created,
 | 
						|
	and there must be at least one.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- input_types:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the input types for each instance, the default is 0xe4. This defines
 | 
						|
	what the type of each input is when the inputs are created for each driver
 | 
						|
	instance. This is a hexadecimal value with up to 16 pairs of bits, each
 | 
						|
	pair gives the type and bits 0-1 map to input 0, bits 2-3 map to input 1,
 | 
						|
	30-31 map to input 15. Each pair of bits has the following meaning:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		- 00: this is a webcam input
 | 
						|
		- 01: this is a TV tuner input
 | 
						|
		- 10: this is an S-Video input
 | 
						|
		- 11: this is an HDMI input
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	So to create a video capture device with 8 inputs where input 0 is a TV
 | 
						|
	tuner, inputs 1-3 are S-Video inputs and inputs 4-7 are HDMI inputs you
 | 
						|
	would use the following module options:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		num_inputs=8 input_types=0xffa9
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- num_outputs:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the number of outputs, one for each instance. By default 2 outputs
 | 
						|
	are created for each video output device. At most 16 outputs can be
 | 
						|
	created, and there must be at least one.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- output_types:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the output types for each instance, the default is 0x02. This defines
 | 
						|
	what the type of each output is when the outputs are created for each
 | 
						|
	driver instance. This is a hexadecimal value with up to 16 bits, each bit
 | 
						|
	gives the type and bit 0 maps to output 0, bit 1 maps to output 1, bit
 | 
						|
	15 maps to output 15. The meaning of each bit is as follows:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		- 0: this is an S-Video output
 | 
						|
		- 1: this is an HDMI output
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	So to create a video output device with 8 outputs where outputs 0-3 are
 | 
						|
	S-Video outputs and outputs 4-7 are HDMI outputs you would use the
 | 
						|
	following module options:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		num_outputs=8 output_types=0xf0
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- vid_cap_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired videoX start number for each video capture device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number. This allows
 | 
						|
	you to map capture video nodes to specific videoX device nodes. Example:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		n_devs=4 vid_cap_nr=2,4,6,8
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	This will attempt to assign /dev/video2 for the video capture device of
 | 
						|
	the first vivid instance, video4 for the next up to video8 for the last
 | 
						|
	instance. If it can't succeed, then it will just take the next free
 | 
						|
	number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- vid_out_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired videoX start number for each video output device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- vbi_cap_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired vbiX start number for each vbi capture device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- vbi_out_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired vbiX start number for each vbi output device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- radio_rx_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired radioX start number for each radio receiver device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- radio_tx_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired radioX start number for each radio transmitter
 | 
						|
	device. The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- sdr_cap_nr:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	give the desired swradioX start number for each SDR capture device.
 | 
						|
	The default is -1 which will just take the first free number.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- ccs_cap_mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	specify the allowed video capture crop/compose/scaling combination
 | 
						|
	for each driver instance. Video capture devices can have any combination
 | 
						|
	of cropping, composing and scaling capabilities and this will tell the
 | 
						|
	vivid driver which of those is should emulate. By default the user can
 | 
						|
	select this through controls.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	The value is either -1 (controlled by the user) or a set of three bits,
 | 
						|
	each enabling (1) or disabling (0) one of the features:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bit 0:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable crop support. Cropping will take only part of the
 | 
						|
		incoming picture.
 | 
						|
	- bit 1:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable compose support. Composing will copy the incoming
 | 
						|
		picture into a larger buffer.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bit 2:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable scaling support. Scaling can scale the incoming
 | 
						|
		picture. The scaler of the vivid driver can enlarge up
 | 
						|
		or down to four times the original size. The scaler is
 | 
						|
		very simple and low-quality. Simplicity and speed were
 | 
						|
		key, not quality.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Note that this value is ignored by webcam inputs: those enumerate
 | 
						|
	discrete framesizes and that is incompatible with cropping, composing
 | 
						|
	or scaling.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- ccs_out_mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	specify the allowed video output crop/compose/scaling combination
 | 
						|
	for each driver instance. Video output devices can have any combination
 | 
						|
	of cropping, composing and scaling capabilities and this will tell the
 | 
						|
	vivid driver which of those is should emulate. By default the user can
 | 
						|
	select this through controls.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	The value is either -1 (controlled by the user) or a set of three bits,
 | 
						|
	each enabling (1) or disabling (0) one of the features:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bit 0:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable crop support. Cropping will take only part of the
 | 
						|
		outgoing buffer.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bit 1:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable compose support. Composing will copy the incoming
 | 
						|
		buffer into a larger picture frame.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bit 2:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		Enable scaling support. Scaling can scale the incoming
 | 
						|
		buffer. The scaler of the vivid driver can enlarge up
 | 
						|
		or down to four times the original size. The scaler is
 | 
						|
		very simple and low-quality. Simplicity and speed were
 | 
						|
		key, not quality.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- multiplanar:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	select whether each device instance supports multi-planar formats,
 | 
						|
	and thus the V4L2 multi-planar API. By default device instances are
 | 
						|
	single-planar.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	This module option can override that for each instance. Values are:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		- 1: this is a single-planar instance.
 | 
						|
		- 2: this is a multi-planar instance.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- vivid_debug:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enable driver debugging info
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- no_error_inj:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	if set disable the error injecting controls. This option is
 | 
						|
	needed in order to run a tool like v4l2-compliance. Tools like that
 | 
						|
	exercise all controls including a control like 'Disconnect' which
 | 
						|
	emulates a USB disconnect, making the device inaccessible and so
 | 
						|
	all tests that v4l2-compliance is doing will fail afterwards.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	There may be other situations as well where you want to disable the
 | 
						|
	error injection support of vivid. When this option is set, then the
 | 
						|
	controls that select crop, compose and scale behavior are also
 | 
						|
	removed. Unless overridden by ccs_cap_mode and/or ccs_out_mode the
 | 
						|
	will default to enabling crop, compose and scaling.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- allocators:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	memory allocator selection, default is 0. It specifies the way buffers
 | 
						|
	will be allocated.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
		- 0: vmalloc
 | 
						|
		- 1: dma-contig
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Taken together, all these module options allow you to precisely customize
 | 
						|
the driver behavior and test your application with all sorts of permutations.
 | 
						|
It is also very suitable to emulate hardware that is not yet available, e.g.
 | 
						|
when developing software for a new upcoming device.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Video Capture
 | 
						|
-------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This is probably the most frequently used feature. The video capture device
 | 
						|
can be configured by using the module options num_inputs, input_types and
 | 
						|
ccs_cap_mode (see section 1 for more detailed information), but by default
 | 
						|
four inputs are configured: a webcam, a TV tuner, an S-Video and an HDMI
 | 
						|
input, one input for each input type. Those are described in more detail
 | 
						|
below.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Special attention has been given to the rate at which new frames become
 | 
						|
available. The jitter will be around 1 jiffie (that depends on the HZ
 | 
						|
configuration of your kernel, so usually 1/100, 1/250 or 1/1000 of a second),
 | 
						|
but the long-term behavior is exactly following the framerate. So a
 | 
						|
framerate of 59.94 Hz is really different from 60 Hz. If the framerate
 | 
						|
exceeds your kernel's HZ value, then you will get dropped frames, but the
 | 
						|
frame/field sequence counting will keep track of that so the sequence
 | 
						|
count will skip whenever frames are dropped.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Webcam Input
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The webcam input supports three framesizes: 320x180, 640x360 and 1280x720. It
 | 
						|
supports frames per second settings of 10, 15, 25, 30, 50 and 60 fps. Which ones
 | 
						|
are available depends on the chosen framesize: the larger the framesize, the
 | 
						|
lower the maximum frames per second.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initially selected colorspace when you switch to the webcam input will be
 | 
						|
sRGB.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
TV and S-Video Inputs
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The only difference between the TV and S-Video input is that the TV has a
 | 
						|
tuner. Otherwise they behave identically.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These inputs support audio inputs as well: one TV and one Line-In. They
 | 
						|
both support all TV standards. If the standard is queried, then the Vivid
 | 
						|
controls 'Standard Signal Mode' and 'Standard' determine what
 | 
						|
the result will be.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These inputs support all combinations of the field setting. Special care has
 | 
						|
been taken to faithfully reproduce how fields are handled for the different
 | 
						|
TV standards. This is particularly noticeable when generating a horizontally
 | 
						|
moving image so the temporal effect of using interlaced formats becomes clearly
 | 
						|
visible. For 50 Hz standards the top field is the oldest and the bottom field
 | 
						|
is the newest in time. For 60 Hz standards that is reversed: the bottom field
 | 
						|
is the oldest and the top field is the newest in time.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
When you start capturing in V4L2_FIELD_ALTERNATE mode the first buffer will
 | 
						|
contain the top field for 50 Hz standards and the bottom field for 60 Hz
 | 
						|
standards. This is what capture hardware does as well.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Finally, for PAL/SECAM standards the first half of the top line contains noise.
 | 
						|
This simulates the Wide Screen Signal that is commonly placed there.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initially selected colorspace when you switch to the TV or S-Video input
 | 
						|
will be SMPTE-170M.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The pixel aspect ratio will depend on the TV standard. The video aspect ratio
 | 
						|
can be selected through the 'Standard Aspect Ratio' Vivid control.
 | 
						|
Choices are '4x3', '16x9' which will give letterboxed widescreen video and
 | 
						|
'16x9 Anamorphic' which will give full screen squashed anamorphic widescreen
 | 
						|
video that will need to be scaled accordingly.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The TV 'tuner' supports a frequency range of 44-958 MHz. Channels are available
 | 
						|
every 6 MHz, starting from 49.25 MHz. For each channel the generated image
 | 
						|
will be in color for the +/- 0.25 MHz around it, and in grayscale for
 | 
						|
+/- 1 MHz around the channel. Beyond that it is just noise. The VIDIOC_G_TUNER
 | 
						|
ioctl will return 100% signal strength for +/- 0.25 MHz and 50% for +/- 1 MHz.
 | 
						|
It will also return correct afc values to show whether the frequency is too
 | 
						|
low or too high.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The audio subchannels that are returned are MONO for the +/- 1 MHz range around
 | 
						|
a valid channel frequency. When the frequency is within +/- 0.25 MHz of the
 | 
						|
channel it will return either MONO, STEREO, either MONO | SAP (for NTSC) or
 | 
						|
LANG1 | LANG2 (for others), or STEREO | SAP.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Which one is returned depends on the chosen channel, each next valid channel
 | 
						|
will cycle through the possible audio subchannel combinations. This allows
 | 
						|
you to test the various combinations by just switching channels..
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Finally, for these inputs the v4l2_timecode struct is filled in in the
 | 
						|
dequeued v4l2_buffer struct.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
HDMI Input
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The HDMI inputs supports all CEA-861 and DMT timings, both progressive and
 | 
						|
interlaced, for pixelclock frequencies between 25 and 600 MHz. The field
 | 
						|
mode for interlaced formats is always V4L2_FIELD_ALTERNATE. For HDMI the
 | 
						|
field order is always top field first, and when you start capturing an
 | 
						|
interlaced format you will receive the top field first.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initially selected colorspace when you switch to the HDMI input or
 | 
						|
select an HDMI timing is based on the format resolution: for resolutions
 | 
						|
less than or equal to 720x576 the colorspace is set to SMPTE-170M, for
 | 
						|
others it is set to REC-709 (CEA-861 timings) or sRGB (VESA DMT timings).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The pixel aspect ratio will depend on the HDMI timing: for 720x480 is it
 | 
						|
set as for the NTSC TV standard, for 720x576 it is set as for the PAL TV
 | 
						|
standard, and for all others a 1:1 pixel aspect ratio is returned.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The video aspect ratio can be selected through the 'DV Timings Aspect Ratio'
 | 
						|
Vivid control. Choices are 'Source Width x Height' (just use the
 | 
						|
same ratio as the chosen format), '4x3' or '16x9', either of which can
 | 
						|
result in pillarboxed or letterboxed video.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
For HDMI inputs it is possible to set the EDID. By default a simple EDID
 | 
						|
is provided. You can only set the EDID for HDMI inputs. Internally, however,
 | 
						|
the EDID is shared between all HDMI inputs.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
No interpretation is done of the EDID data with the exception of the
 | 
						|
physical address. See the CEC section for more details.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
There is a maximum of 15 HDMI inputs (if there are more, then they will be
 | 
						|
reduced to 15) since that's the limitation of the EDID physical address.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Video Output
 | 
						|
------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The video output device can be configured by using the module options
 | 
						|
num_outputs, output_types and ccs_out_mode (see section 1 for more detailed
 | 
						|
information), but by default two outputs are configured: an S-Video and an
 | 
						|
HDMI input, one output for each output type. Those are described in more detail
 | 
						|
below.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Like with video capture the framerate is also exact in the long term.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
S-Video Output
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This output supports audio outputs as well: "Line-Out 1" and "Line-Out 2".
 | 
						|
The S-Video output supports all TV standards.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This output supports all combinations of the field setting.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initially selected colorspace when you switch to the TV or S-Video input
 | 
						|
will be SMPTE-170M.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
HDMI Output
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The HDMI output supports all CEA-861 and DMT timings, both progressive and
 | 
						|
interlaced, for pixelclock frequencies between 25 and 600 MHz. The field
 | 
						|
mode for interlaced formats is always V4L2_FIELD_ALTERNATE.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initially selected colorspace when you switch to the HDMI output or
 | 
						|
select an HDMI timing is based on the format resolution: for resolutions
 | 
						|
less than or equal to 720x576 the colorspace is set to SMPTE-170M, for
 | 
						|
others it is set to REC-709 (CEA-861 timings) or sRGB (VESA DMT timings).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The pixel aspect ratio will depend on the HDMI timing: for 720x480 is it
 | 
						|
set as for the NTSC TV standard, for 720x576 it is set as for the PAL TV
 | 
						|
standard, and for all others a 1:1 pixel aspect ratio is returned.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
An HDMI output has a valid EDID which can be obtained through VIDIOC_G_EDID.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
There is a maximum of 15 HDMI outputs (if there are more, then they will be
 | 
						|
reduced to 15) since that's the limitation of the EDID physical address. See
 | 
						|
also the CEC section for more details.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
VBI Capture
 | 
						|
-----------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
There are three types of VBI capture devices: those that only support raw
 | 
						|
(undecoded) VBI, those that only support sliced (decoded) VBI and those that
 | 
						|
support both. This is determined by the node_types module option. In all
 | 
						|
cases the driver will generate valid VBI data: for 60 Hz standards it will
 | 
						|
generate Closed Caption and XDS data. The closed caption stream will
 | 
						|
alternate between "Hello world!" and "Closed captions test" every second.
 | 
						|
The XDS stream will give the current time once a minute. For 50 Hz standards
 | 
						|
it will generate the Wide Screen Signal which is based on the actual Video
 | 
						|
Aspect Ratio control setting and teletext pages 100-159, one page per frame.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The VBI device will only work for the S-Video and TV inputs, it will give
 | 
						|
back an error if the current input is a webcam or HDMI.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
VBI Output
 | 
						|
----------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
There are three types of VBI output devices: those that only support raw
 | 
						|
(undecoded) VBI, those that only support sliced (decoded) VBI and those that
 | 
						|
support both. This is determined by the node_types module option.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The sliced VBI output supports the Wide Screen Signal and the teletext signal
 | 
						|
for 50 Hz standards and Closed Captioning + XDS for 60 Hz standards.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The VBI device will only work for the S-Video output, it will give
 | 
						|
back an error if the current output is HDMI.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Radio Receiver
 | 
						|
--------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The radio receiver emulates an FM/AM/SW receiver. The FM band also supports RDS.
 | 
						|
The frequency ranges are:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- FM: 64 MHz - 108 MHz
 | 
						|
	- AM: 520 kHz - 1710 kHz
 | 
						|
	- SW: 2300 kHz - 26.1 MHz
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Valid channels are emulated every 1 MHz for FM and every 100 kHz for AM and SW.
 | 
						|
The signal strength decreases the further the frequency is from the valid
 | 
						|
frequency until it becomes 0% at +/- 50 kHz (FM) or 5 kHz (AM/SW) from the
 | 
						|
ideal frequency. The initial frequency when the driver is loaded is set to
 | 
						|
95 MHz.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The FM receiver supports RDS as well, both using 'Block I/O' and 'Controls'
 | 
						|
modes. In the 'Controls' mode the RDS information is stored in read-only
 | 
						|
controls. These controls are updated every time the frequency is changed,
 | 
						|
or when the tuner status is requested. The Block I/O method uses the read()
 | 
						|
interface to pass the RDS blocks on to the application for decoding.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The RDS signal is 'detected' for +/- 12.5 kHz around the channel frequency,
 | 
						|
and the further the frequency is away from the valid frequency the more RDS
 | 
						|
errors are randomly introduced into the block I/O stream, up to 50% of all
 | 
						|
blocks if you are +/- 12.5 kHz from the channel frequency. All four errors
 | 
						|
can occur in equal proportions: blocks marked 'CORRECTED', blocks marked
 | 
						|
'ERROR', blocks marked 'INVALID' and dropped blocks.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The generated RDS stream contains all the standard fields contained in a
 | 
						|
0B group, and also radio text and the current time.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The receiver supports HW frequency seek, either in Bounded mode, Wrap Around
 | 
						|
mode or both, which is configurable with the "Radio HW Seek Mode" control.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Radio Transmitter
 | 
						|
-----------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The radio transmitter emulates an FM/AM/SW transmitter. The FM band also supports RDS.
 | 
						|
The frequency ranges are:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- FM: 64 MHz - 108 MHz
 | 
						|
	- AM: 520 kHz - 1710 kHz
 | 
						|
	- SW: 2300 kHz - 26.1 MHz
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The initial frequency when the driver is loaded is 95.5 MHz.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The FM transmitter supports RDS as well, both using 'Block I/O' and 'Controls'
 | 
						|
modes. In the 'Controls' mode the transmitted RDS information is configured
 | 
						|
using controls, and in 'Block I/O' mode the blocks are passed to the driver
 | 
						|
using write().
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Software Defined Radio Receiver
 | 
						|
-------------------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The SDR receiver has three frequency bands for the ADC tuner:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- 300 kHz
 | 
						|
	- 900 kHz - 2800 kHz
 | 
						|
	- 3200 kHz
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The RF tuner supports 50 MHz - 2000 MHz.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The generated data contains the In-phase and Quadrature components of a
 | 
						|
1 kHz tone that has an amplitude of sqrt(2).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Controls
 | 
						|
--------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Different devices support different controls. The sections below will describe
 | 
						|
each control and which devices support them.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
User Controls - Test Controls
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The Button, Boolean, Integer 32 Bits, Integer 64 Bits, Menu, String, Bitmask and
 | 
						|
Integer Menu are controls that represent all possible control types. The Menu
 | 
						|
control and the Integer Menu control both have 'holes' in their menu list,
 | 
						|
meaning that one or more menu items return EINVAL when VIDIOC_QUERYMENU is called.
 | 
						|
Both menu controls also have a non-zero minimum control value.  These features
 | 
						|
allow you to check if your application can handle such things correctly.
 | 
						|
These controls are supported for every device type.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
User Controls - Video Capture
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The following controls are specific to video capture.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The Brightness, Contrast, Saturation and Hue controls actually work and are
 | 
						|
standard. There is one special feature with the Brightness control: each
 | 
						|
video input has its own brightness value, so changing input will restore
 | 
						|
the brightness for that input. In addition, each video input uses a different
 | 
						|
brightness range (minimum and maximum control values). Switching inputs will
 | 
						|
cause a control event to be sent with the V4L2_EVENT_CTRL_CH_RANGE flag set.
 | 
						|
This allows you to test controls that can change their range.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The 'Gain, Automatic' and Gain controls can be used to test volatile controls:
 | 
						|
if 'Gain, Automatic' is set, then the Gain control is volatile and changes
 | 
						|
constantly. If 'Gain, Automatic' is cleared, then the Gain control is a normal
 | 
						|
control.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The 'Horizontal Flip' and 'Vertical Flip' controls can be used to flip the
 | 
						|
image. These combine with the 'Sensor Flipped Horizontally/Vertically' Vivid
 | 
						|
controls.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The 'Alpha Component' control can be used to set the alpha component for
 | 
						|
formats containing an alpha channel.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
User Controls - Audio
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The following controls are specific to video capture and output and radio
 | 
						|
receivers and transmitters.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The 'Volume' and 'Mute' audio controls are typical for such devices to
 | 
						|
control the volume and mute the audio. They don't actually do anything in
 | 
						|
the vivid driver.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Vivid Controls
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These vivid custom controls control the image generation, error injection, etc.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Test Pattern Controls
 | 
						|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The Test Pattern Controls are all specific to video capture.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Test Pattern:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects which test pattern to use. Use the CSC Colorbar for
 | 
						|
	testing colorspace conversions: the colors used in that test pattern
 | 
						|
	map to valid colors in all colorspaces. The colorspace conversion
 | 
						|
	is disabled for the other test patterns.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- OSD Text Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects whether the text superimposed on the
 | 
						|
	test pattern should be shown, and if so, whether only counters should
 | 
						|
	be displayed or the full text.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Horizontal Movement:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects whether the test pattern should
 | 
						|
	move to the left or right and at what speed.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Vertical Movement:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	does the same for the vertical direction.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Show Border:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	show a two-pixel wide border at the edge of the actual image,
 | 
						|
	excluding letter or pillarboxing.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Show Square:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	show a square in the middle of the image. If the image is
 | 
						|
	displayed with the correct pixel and image aspect ratio corrections,
 | 
						|
	then the width and height of the square on the monitor should be
 | 
						|
	the same.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Insert SAV Code in Image:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	adds a SAV (Start of Active Video) code to the image.
 | 
						|
	This can be used to check if such codes in the image are inadvertently
 | 
						|
	interpreted instead of being ignored.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Insert EAV Code in Image:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	does the same for the EAV (End of Active Video) code.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Capture Feature Selection Controls
 | 
						|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These controls are all specific to video capture.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Sensor Flipped Horizontally:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the image is flipped horizontally and the
 | 
						|
	V4L2_IN_ST_HFLIP input status flag is set. This emulates the case where
 | 
						|
	a sensor is for example mounted upside down.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Sensor Flipped Vertically:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	the image is flipped vertically and the
 | 
						|
	V4L2_IN_ST_VFLIP input status flag is set. This emulates the case where
 | 
						|
	a sensor is for example mounted upside down.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Standard Aspect Ratio:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects if the image aspect ratio as used for the TV or
 | 
						|
	S-Video input should be 4x3, 16x9 or anamorphic widescreen. This may
 | 
						|
	introduce letterboxing.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- DV Timings Aspect Ratio:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects if the image aspect ratio as used for the HDMI
 | 
						|
	input should be the same as the source width and height ratio, or if
 | 
						|
	it should be 4x3 or 16x9. This may introduce letter or pillarboxing.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Timestamp Source:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects when the timestamp for each buffer is taken.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Colorspace:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects which colorspace should be used when generating the image.
 | 
						|
	This only applies if the CSC Colorbar test pattern is selected,
 | 
						|
	otherwise the test pattern will go through unconverted.
 | 
						|
	This behavior is also what you want, since a 75% Colorbar
 | 
						|
	should really have 75% signal intensity and should not be affected
 | 
						|
	by colorspace conversions.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing the colorspace will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a detected colorspace change.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Transfer Function:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects which colorspace transfer function should be used when
 | 
						|
	generating an image. This only applies if the CSC Colorbar test pattern is
 | 
						|
	selected, otherwise the test pattern will go through unconverted.
 | 
						|
	This behavior is also what you want, since a 75% Colorbar
 | 
						|
	should really have 75% signal intensity and should not be affected
 | 
						|
	by colorspace conversions.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing the transfer function will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a detected colorspace change.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Y'CbCr Encoding:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects which Y'CbCr encoding should be used when generating
 | 
						|
	a Y'CbCr image.	This only applies if the format is set to a Y'CbCr format
 | 
						|
	as opposed to an RGB format.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing the Y'CbCr encoding will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a detected colorspace change.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Quantization:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects which quantization should be used for the RGB or Y'CbCr
 | 
						|
	encoding when generating the test pattern.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing the quantization will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a detected colorspace change.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Limited RGB Range (16-235):
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects if the RGB range of the HDMI source should
 | 
						|
	be limited or full range. This combines with the Digital Video 'Rx RGB
 | 
						|
	Quantization Range' control and can be used to test what happens if
 | 
						|
	a source provides you with the wrong quantization range information.
 | 
						|
	See the description of that control for more details.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Apply Alpha To Red Only:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	apply the alpha channel as set by the 'Alpha Component'
 | 
						|
	user control to the red color of the test pattern only.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Capture Cropping:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables crop support. This control is only present if
 | 
						|
	the ccs_cap_mode module option is set to the default value of -1 and if
 | 
						|
	the no_error_inj module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Capture Composing:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables composing support. This control is only
 | 
						|
	present if the ccs_cap_mode module option is set to the default value of
 | 
						|
	-1 and if the no_error_inj module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Capture Scaler:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables support for a scaler (maximum 4 times upscaling
 | 
						|
	and downscaling). This control is only present if the ccs_cap_mode
 | 
						|
	module option is set to the default value of -1 and if the no_error_inj
 | 
						|
	module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Maximum EDID Blocks:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	determines how many EDID blocks the driver supports.
 | 
						|
	Note that the vivid driver does not actually interpret new EDID
 | 
						|
	data, it just stores it. It allows for up to 256 EDID blocks
 | 
						|
	which is the maximum supported by the standard.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Fill Percentage of Frame:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	can be used to draw only the top X percent
 | 
						|
	of the image. Since each frame has to be drawn by the driver, this
 | 
						|
	demands a lot of the CPU. For large resolutions this becomes
 | 
						|
	problematic. By drawing only part of the image this CPU load can
 | 
						|
	be reduced.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Output Feature Selection Controls
 | 
						|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
These controls are all specific to video output.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Output Cropping:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables crop support. This control is only present if
 | 
						|
	the ccs_out_mode module option is set to the default value of -1 and if
 | 
						|
	the no_error_inj module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Output Composing:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables composing support. This control is only
 | 
						|
	present if the ccs_out_mode module option is set to the default value of
 | 
						|
	-1 and if the no_error_inj module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Enable Output Scaler:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	enables support for a scaler (maximum 4 times upscaling
 | 
						|
	and downscaling). This control is only present if the ccs_out_mode
 | 
						|
	module option is set to the default value of -1 and if the no_error_inj
 | 
						|
	module option is set to 0 (the default).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Error Injection Controls
 | 
						|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The following two controls are only valid for video and vbi capture.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Standard Signal Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects the behavior of VIDIOC_QUERYSTD: what should it return?
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing this control will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a changed input condition (e.g. a cable
 | 
						|
	was plugged in or out).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Standard:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects the standard that VIDIOC_QUERYSTD should return if the
 | 
						|
	previous control is set to "Selected Standard".
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing this control will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a changed input standard.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The following two controls are only valid for video capture.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- DV Timings Signal Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects the behavior of VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS: what
 | 
						|
	should it return?
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing this control will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates a changed input condition (e.g. a cable
 | 
						|
	was plugged in or out).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- DV Timings:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	selects the timings the VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS should return
 | 
						|
	if the previous control is set to "Selected DV Timings".
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	Changing this control will result in the V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE
 | 
						|
	to be sent since it emulates changed input timings.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The following controls are only present if the no_error_inj module option
 | 
						|
is set to 0 (the default). These controls are valid for video and vbi
 | 
						|
capture and output streams and for the SDR capture device except for the
 | 
						|
Disconnect control which is valid for all devices.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Wrap Sequence Number:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	test what happens when you wrap the sequence number in
 | 
						|
	struct v4l2_buffer around.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Wrap Timestamp:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	test what happens when you wrap the timestamp in struct
 | 
						|
	v4l2_buffer around.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Percentage of Dropped Buffers:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	sets the percentage of buffers that
 | 
						|
	are never returned by the driver (i.e., they are dropped).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Disconnect:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	emulates a USB disconnect. The device will act as if it has
 | 
						|
	been disconnected. Only after all open filehandles to the device
 | 
						|
	node have been closed will the device become 'connected' again.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Inject V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	when pressed, the next frame returned by
 | 
						|
	the driver will have the error flag set (i.e. the frame is marked
 | 
						|
	corrupt).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Inject VIDIOC_REQBUFS Error:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	when pressed, the next REQBUFS or CREATE_BUFS
 | 
						|
	ioctl call will fail with an error. To be precise: the videobuf2
 | 
						|
	queue_setup() op will return -EINVAL.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Inject VIDIOC_QBUF Error:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	when pressed, the next VIDIOC_QBUF or
 | 
						|
	VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUFFER ioctl call will fail with an error. To be
 | 
						|
	precise: the videobuf2 buf_prepare() op will return -EINVAL.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Inject VIDIOC_STREAMON Error:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	when pressed, the next VIDIOC_STREAMON ioctl
 | 
						|
	call will fail with an error. To be precise: the videobuf2
 | 
						|
	start_streaming() op will return -EINVAL.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Inject Fatal Streaming Error:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	when pressed, the streaming core will be
 | 
						|
	marked as having suffered a fatal error, the only way to recover
 | 
						|
	from that is to stop streaming. To be precise: the videobuf2
 | 
						|
	vb2_queue_error() function is called.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
VBI Raw Capture Controls
 | 
						|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Interlaced VBI Format:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	if set, then the raw VBI data will be interlaced instead
 | 
						|
	of providing it grouped by field.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Digital Video Controls
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Rx RGB Quantization Range:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	sets the RGB quantization detection of the HDMI
 | 
						|
	input. This combines with the Vivid 'Limited RGB Range (16-235)'
 | 
						|
	control and can be used to test what happens if a source provides
 | 
						|
	you with the wrong quantization range information. This can be tested
 | 
						|
	by selecting an HDMI input, setting this control to Full or Limited
 | 
						|
	range and selecting the opposite in the 'Limited RGB Range (16-235)'
 | 
						|
	control. The effect is easy to see if the 'Gray Ramp' test pattern
 | 
						|
	is selected.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Tx RGB Quantization Range:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	sets the RGB quantization detection of the HDMI
 | 
						|
	output. It is currently not used for anything in vivid, but most HDMI
 | 
						|
	transmitters would typically have this control.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Transmit Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	sets the transmit mode of the HDMI output to HDMI or DVI-D. This
 | 
						|
	affects the reported colorspace since DVI_D outputs will always use
 | 
						|
	sRGB.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
FM Radio Receiver Controls
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Reception:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	set if the RDS receiver should be enabled.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Program Type:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS PS Name:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Radio Text:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Traffic Announcement:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Traffic Program:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Music:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	these are all read-only controls. If RDS Rx I/O Mode is set to
 | 
						|
	"Block I/O", then they are inactive as well. If RDS Rx I/O Mode is set
 | 
						|
	to "Controls", then these controls report the received RDS data.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
.. note::
 | 
						|
	The vivid implementation of this is pretty basic: they are only
 | 
						|
	updated when you set a new frequency or when you get the tuner status
 | 
						|
	(VIDIOC_G_TUNER).
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Radio HW Seek Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	can be one of "Bounded", "Wrap Around" or "Both". This
 | 
						|
	determines if VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK will be bounded by the frequency
 | 
						|
	range or wrap-around or if it is selectable by the user.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Radio Programmable HW Seek:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	if set, then the user can provide the lower and
 | 
						|
	upper bound of the HW Seek. Otherwise the frequency range boundaries
 | 
						|
	will be used.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Generate RBDS Instead of RDS:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	if set, then generate RBDS (the US variant of
 | 
						|
	RDS) data instead of RDS (European-style RDS). This affects only the
 | 
						|
	PICODE and PTY codes.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Rx I/O Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	this can be "Block I/O" where the RDS blocks have to be read()
 | 
						|
	by the application, or "Controls" where the RDS data is provided by
 | 
						|
	the RDS controls mentioned above.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
FM Radio Modulator Controls
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Program ID:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Program Type:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS PS Name:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Radio Text:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Stereo:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Artificial Head:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Compressed:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Dynamic PTY:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Traffic Announcement:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Traffic Program:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Music:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	these are all controls that set the RDS data that is transmitted by
 | 
						|
	the FM modulator.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- RDS Tx I/O Mode:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	this can be "Block I/O" where the application has to use write()
 | 
						|
	to pass the RDS blocks to the driver, or "Controls" where the RDS data
 | 
						|
	is Provided by the RDS controls mentioned above.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Video, VBI and RDS Looping
 | 
						|
--------------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The vivid driver supports looping of video output to video input, VBI output
 | 
						|
to VBI input and RDS output to RDS input. For video/VBI looping this emulates
 | 
						|
as if a cable was hooked up between the output and input connector. So video
 | 
						|
and VBI looping is only supported between S-Video and HDMI inputs and outputs.
 | 
						|
VBI is only valid for S-Video as it makes no sense for HDMI.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Since radio is wireless this looping always happens if the radio receiver
 | 
						|
frequency is close to the radio transmitter frequency. In that case the radio
 | 
						|
transmitter will 'override' the emulated radio stations.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Looping is currently supported only between devices created by the same
 | 
						|
vivid driver instance.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Video and Sliced VBI looping
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The way to enable video/VBI looping is currently fairly crude. A 'Loop Video'
 | 
						|
control is available in the "Vivid" control class of the video
 | 
						|
capture and VBI capture devices. When checked the video looping will be enabled.
 | 
						|
Once enabled any video S-Video or HDMI input will show a static test pattern
 | 
						|
until the video output has started. At that time the video output will be
 | 
						|
looped to the video input provided that:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- the input type matches the output type. So the HDMI input cannot receive
 | 
						|
  video from the S-Video output.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- the video resolution of the video input must match that of the video output.
 | 
						|
  So it is not possible to loop a 50 Hz (720x576) S-Video output to a 60 Hz
 | 
						|
  (720x480) S-Video input, or a 720p60 HDMI output to a 1080p30 input.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- the pixel formats must be identical on both sides. Otherwise the driver would
 | 
						|
  have to do pixel format conversion as well, and that's taking things too far.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- the field settings must be identical on both sides. Same reason as above:
 | 
						|
  requiring the driver to convert from one field format to another complicated
 | 
						|
  matters too much. This also prohibits capturing with 'Field Top' or 'Field
 | 
						|
  Bottom' when the output video is set to 'Field Alternate'. This combination,
 | 
						|
  while legal, became too complicated to support. Both sides have to be 'Field
 | 
						|
  Alternate' for this to work. Also note that for this specific case the
 | 
						|
  sequence and field counting in struct v4l2_buffer on the capture side may not
 | 
						|
  be 100% accurate.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- field settings V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_TB/BT are not supported. While it is possible to
 | 
						|
  implement this, it would mean a lot of work to get this right. Since these
 | 
						|
  field values are rarely used the decision was made not to implement this for
 | 
						|
  now.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- on the input side the "Standard Signal Mode" for the S-Video input or the
 | 
						|
  "DV Timings Signal Mode" for the HDMI input should be configured so that a
 | 
						|
  valid signal is passed to the video input.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The framerates do not have to match, although this might change in the future.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
By default you will see the OSD text superimposed on top of the looped video.
 | 
						|
This can be turned off by changing the "OSD Text Mode" control of the video
 | 
						|
capture device.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
For VBI looping to work all of the above must be valid and in addition the vbi
 | 
						|
output must be configured for sliced VBI. The VBI capture side can be configured
 | 
						|
for either raw or sliced VBI. Note that at the moment only CC/XDS (60 Hz formats)
 | 
						|
and WSS (50 Hz formats) VBI data is looped. Teletext VBI data is not looped.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Radio & RDS Looping
 | 
						|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
As mentioned in section 6 the radio receiver emulates stations are regular
 | 
						|
frequency intervals. Depending on the frequency of the radio receiver a
 | 
						|
signal strength value is calculated (this is returned by VIDIOC_G_TUNER).
 | 
						|
However, it will also look at the frequency set by the radio transmitter and
 | 
						|
if that results in a higher signal strength than the settings of the radio
 | 
						|
transmitter will be used as if it was a valid station. This also includes
 | 
						|
the RDS data (if any) that the transmitter 'transmits'. This is received
 | 
						|
faithfully on the receiver side. Note that when the driver is loaded the
 | 
						|
frequencies of the radio receiver and transmitter are not identical, so
 | 
						|
initially no looping takes place.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Cropping, Composing, Scaling
 | 
						|
----------------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This driver supports cropping, composing and scaling in any combination. Normally
 | 
						|
which features are supported can be selected through the Vivid controls,
 | 
						|
but it is also possible to hardcode it when the module is loaded through the
 | 
						|
ccs_cap_mode and ccs_out_mode module options. See section 1 on the details of
 | 
						|
these module options.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This allows you to test your application for all these variations.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Note that the webcam input never supports cropping, composing or scaling. That
 | 
						|
only applies to the TV/S-Video/HDMI inputs and outputs. The reason is that
 | 
						|
webcams, including this virtual implementation, normally use
 | 
						|
VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES to list a set of discrete framesizes that it supports.
 | 
						|
And that does not combine with cropping, composing or scaling. This is
 | 
						|
primarily a limitation of the V4L2 API which is carefully reproduced here.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The minimum and maximum resolutions that the scaler can achieve are 16x16 and
 | 
						|
(4096 * 4) x (2160 x 4), but it can only scale up or down by a factor of 4 or
 | 
						|
less. So for a source resolution of 1280x720 the minimum the scaler can do is
 | 
						|
320x180 and the maximum is 5120x2880. You can play around with this using the
 | 
						|
qv4l2 test tool and you will see these dependencies.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This driver also supports larger 'bytesperline' settings, something that
 | 
						|
VIDIOC_S_FMT allows but that few drivers implement.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The scaler is a simple scaler that uses the Coarse Bresenham algorithm. It's
 | 
						|
designed for speed and simplicity, not quality.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
If the combination of crop, compose and scaling allows it, then it is possible
 | 
						|
to change crop and compose rectangles on the fly.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Formats
 | 
						|
-------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The driver supports all the regular packed and planar 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0
 | 
						|
YUYV formats, 8, 16, 24 and 32 RGB packed formats and various multiplanar
 | 
						|
formats.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The alpha component can be set through the 'Alpha Component' User control
 | 
						|
for those formats that support it. If the 'Apply Alpha To Red Only' control
 | 
						|
is set, then the alpha component is only used for the color red and set to
 | 
						|
0 otherwise.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The driver has to be configured to support the multiplanar formats. By default
 | 
						|
the driver instances are single-planar. This can be changed by setting the
 | 
						|
multiplanar module option, see section 1 for more details on that option.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
If the driver instance is using the multiplanar formats/API, then the first
 | 
						|
single planar format (YUYV) and the multiplanar NV16M and NV61M formats the
 | 
						|
will have a plane that has a non-zero data_offset of 128 bytes. It is rare for
 | 
						|
data_offset to be non-zero, so this is a useful feature for testing applications.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Video output will also honor any data_offset that the application set.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Capture Overlay
 | 
						|
---------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Note: capture overlay support is implemented primarily to test the existing
 | 
						|
V4L2 capture overlay API. In practice few if any GPUs support such overlays
 | 
						|
anymore, and neither are they generally needed anymore since modern hardware
 | 
						|
is so much more capable. By setting flag 0x10000 in the node_types module
 | 
						|
option the vivid driver will create a simple framebuffer device that can be
 | 
						|
used for testing this API. Whether this API should be used for new drivers is
 | 
						|
questionable.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This driver has support for a destructive capture overlay with bitmap clipping
 | 
						|
and list clipping (up to 16 rectangles) capabilities. Overlays are not
 | 
						|
supported for multiplanar formats. It also honors the struct v4l2_window field
 | 
						|
setting: if it is set to FIELD_TOP or FIELD_BOTTOM and the capture setting is
 | 
						|
FIELD_ALTERNATE, then only the top or bottom fields will be copied to the overlay.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The overlay only works if you are also capturing at that same time. This is a
 | 
						|
vivid limitation since it copies from a buffer to the overlay instead of
 | 
						|
filling the overlay directly. And if you are not capturing, then no buffers
 | 
						|
are available to fill.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
In addition, the pixelformat of the capture format and that of the framebuffer
 | 
						|
must be the same for the overlay to work. Otherwise VIDIOC_OVERLAY will return
 | 
						|
an error.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
In order to really see what it going on you will need to create two vivid
 | 
						|
instances: the first with a framebuffer enabled. You configure the capture
 | 
						|
overlay of the second instance to use the framebuffer of the first, then
 | 
						|
you start capturing in the second instance. For the first instance you setup
 | 
						|
the output overlay for the video output, turn on video looping and capture
 | 
						|
to see the blended framebuffer overlay that's being written to by the second
 | 
						|
instance. This setup would require the following commands:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	$ sudo modprobe vivid n_devs=2 node_types=0x10101,0x1
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 --find-fb
 | 
						|
	/dev/fb1 is the framebuffer associated with base address 0x12800000
 | 
						|
	$ sudo v4l2-ctl -d2 --set-fbuf fb=1
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 --set-fbuf fb=1
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d0 --set-fmt-video=pixelformat='AR15'
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 --set-fmt-video-out=pixelformat='AR15'
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d2 --set-fmt-video=pixelformat='AR15'
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d0 -i2
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d2 -i2
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d2 -c horizontal_movement=4
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 --overlay=1
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 -c loop_video=1
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d2 --stream-mmap --overlay=1
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
And from another console:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	$ v4l2-ctl -d1 --stream-out-mmap
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
And yet another console:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
.. code-block:: none
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	$ qv4l2
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
and start streaming.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
As you can see, this is not for the faint of heart...
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Output Overlay
 | 
						|
--------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Note: output overlays are primarily implemented in order to test the existing
 | 
						|
V4L2 output overlay API. Whether this API should be used for new drivers is
 | 
						|
questionable.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
This driver has support for an output overlay and is capable of:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
	- bitmap clipping,
 | 
						|
	- list clipping (up to 16 rectangles)
 | 
						|
	- chromakey
 | 
						|
	- source chromakey
 | 
						|
	- global alpha
 | 
						|
	- local alpha
 | 
						|
	- local inverse alpha
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Output overlays are not supported for multiplanar formats. In addition, the
 | 
						|
pixelformat of the capture format and that of the framebuffer must be the
 | 
						|
same for the overlay to work. Otherwise VIDIOC_OVERLAY will return an error.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Output overlays only work if the driver has been configured to create a
 | 
						|
framebuffer by setting flag 0x10000 in the node_types module option. The
 | 
						|
created framebuffer has a size of 720x576 and supports ARGB 1:5:5:5 and
 | 
						|
RGB 5:6:5.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
In order to see the effects of the various clipping, chromakeying or alpha
 | 
						|
processing capabilities you need to turn on video looping and see the results
 | 
						|
on the capture side. The use of the clipping, chromakeying or alpha processing
 | 
						|
capabilities will slow down the video loop considerably as a lot of checks have
 | 
						|
to be done per pixel.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
CEC (Consumer Electronics Control)
 | 
						|
----------------------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
If there are HDMI inputs then a CEC adapter will be created that has
 | 
						|
the same number of input ports. This is the equivalent of e.g. a TV that
 | 
						|
has that number of inputs. Each HDMI output will also create a
 | 
						|
CEC adapter that is hooked up to the corresponding input port, or (if there
 | 
						|
are more outputs than inputs) is not hooked up at all. In other words,
 | 
						|
this is the equivalent of hooking up each output device to an input port of
 | 
						|
the TV. Any remaining output devices remain unconnected.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
The EDID that each output reads reports a unique CEC physical address that is
 | 
						|
based on the physical address of the EDID of the input. So if the EDID of the
 | 
						|
receiver has physical address A.B.0.0, then each output will see an EDID
 | 
						|
containing physical address A.B.C.0 where C is 1 to the number of inputs. If
 | 
						|
there are more outputs than inputs then the remaining outputs have a CEC adapter
 | 
						|
that is disabled and reports an invalid physical address.
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Some Future Improvements
 | 
						|
------------------------
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
Just as a reminder and in no particular order:
 | 
						|
 | 
						|
- Add a virtual alsa driver to test audio
 | 
						|
- Add virtual sub-devices and media controller support
 | 
						|
- Some support for testing compressed video
 | 
						|
- Add support to loop raw VBI output to raw VBI input
 | 
						|
- Add support to loop teletext sliced VBI output to VBI input
 | 
						|
- Fix sequence/field numbering when looping of video with alternate fields
 | 
						|
- Add support for V4L2_CID_BG_COLOR for video outputs
 | 
						|
- Add ARGB888 overlay support: better testing of the alpha channel
 | 
						|
- Improve pixel aspect support in the tpg code by passing a real v4l2_fract
 | 
						|
- Use per-queue locks and/or per-device locks to improve throughput
 | 
						|
- Add support to loop from a specific output to a specific input across
 | 
						|
  vivid instances
 | 
						|
- The SDR radio should use the same 'frequencies' for stations as the normal
 | 
						|
  radio receiver, and give back noise if the frequency doesn't match up with
 | 
						|
  a station frequency
 | 
						|
- Make a thread for the RDS generation, that would help in particular for the
 | 
						|
  "Controls" RDS Rx I/O Mode as the read-only RDS controls could be updated
 | 
						|
  in real-time.
 | 
						|
- Changing the EDID should cause hotplug detect emulation to happen.
 |